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127 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
127 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: .Format
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description: Formats built-in Hugo dates---`.Date`, `.PublishDate`, and `.Lastmod`---according to Go's layout string.
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date: 2017-02-01
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publishdate: 2017-02-01
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lastmod: 2017-02-01
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categories: [functions]
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menu:
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docs:
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parent: "functions"
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keywords: [dates,time]
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signature: [".Format FORMAT"]
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workson: [times]
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hugoversion:
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relatedfuncs: [dateFormat,now,Unix,time]
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deprecated: false
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aliases: []
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toc: true
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---
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`.Format` will format date values defined in your front matter and can be used as a property on the following [page variables][pagevars]:
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* `.PublishDate`
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* `.Date`
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* `.Lastmod`
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Assuming a key-value of `date: 2017-03-03` in a content file's front matter, your can run the date through `.Format` followed by a layout string for your desired output at build time:
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```
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{{ .PublishDate.Format "January 2, 2006" }} => March 3, 2017
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```
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For formatting *any* string representations of dates defined in your front matter, see the [`dateFormat` function][dateFormat], which will still leverage the Go layout string explained below but uses a slightly different syntax.
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## Go's Layout String
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Hugo templates [format your dates][time] via layout strings that point to a specific reference time:
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```
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Mon Jan 2 15:04:05 MST 2006
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```
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While this may seem arbitrary, the numerical value of `MST` is `07`, thus making the layout string a sequence of numbers.
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Here is a visual explanation [taken directly from the Go docs][gdex]:
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```
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Jan 2 15:04:05 2006 MST
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=> 1 2 3 4 5 6 -7
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```
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### Hugo Date and Time Templating Reference
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The following examples show the layout string followed by the rendered output.
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The examples were rendered and tested in [CST] and all point to the same field in a content file's front matter:
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```
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date: 2017-03-03T14:15:59-06:00
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```
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`.Date` (i.e. called via [page variable][pagevars])
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: **Returns**: `2017-03-03 14:15:59 -0600 CST`
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`"Monday, January 2, 2006"`
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: **Returns**: `Friday, March 3, 2017`
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`"Mon Jan 2 2006"`
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: **Returns**: `Fri Mar 3 2017`
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`"January 2006"`
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: **Returns**: `March 2017`
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`"2006-01-02"`
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: **Returns**: `2017-03-03`
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`"Monday"`
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: **Returns**: `Friday`
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`"02 Jan 06 15:04 MST"` (RFC822)
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: **Returns**: `03 Mar 17 14:15 CST`
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`"02 Jan 06 15:04 -0700"` (RFC822Z)
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: **Returns**: `03 Mar 17 14:15 -0600`
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`"Mon, 02 Jan 2006 15:04:05 MST"` (RFC1123)
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: **Returns**: `Fri, 03 Mar 2017 14:15:59 CST`
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`"Mon, 02 Jan 2006 15:04:05 -0700"` (RFC1123Z)
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: **Returns**: `Fri, 03 Mar 2017 14:15:59 -0600`
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More examples can be found in Go's [documentation for the time package][timeconst].
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### Cardinal Numbers and Ordinal Abbreviations
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Spelled-out cardinal numbers (e.g. "one", "two", and "three") are not currently supported.
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Ordinal abbreviations (i.e., with shorted suffixes like "1st", "2nd", and "3rd") are not currently directly supported. By using `{{.Date.Format "Jan 2nd 2006"}}`, Hugo assumes you want to append `nd` as a string to the day of the month. However, you can chain functions together to create something like this:
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```
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{{ .Date.Format "2" }}{{ if in (slice 1 21 31) .Date.Day}}st{{ else if in (slice 2 22) .Date.Day}}nd{{ else if in (slice 3 23) .Date.Day}}rd{{ else }}th{{ end }} of {{ .Date.Format "January 2006" }}
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```
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This will output:
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```
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5th of March 2017
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```
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### Use `.Local` and `.UTC`
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In conjunction with the [`dateFormat` function][dateFormat], you can also convert your dates to `UTC` or to local timezones:
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`{{ dateFormat "02 Jan 06 15:04 MST" .Date.UTC }}`
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: **Returns**: `03 Mar 17 20:15 UTC`
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`{{ dateFormat "02 Jan 06 15:04 MST" .Date.Local }}`
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: **Returns**: `03 Mar 17 14:15 CST`
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[CST]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Time_Zone
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[dateFormat]: /functions/dateformat/
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[gdex]: https://golang.org/pkg/time/#example_Time_Format
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[pagevars]: /variables/page/
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[time]: https://golang.org/pkg/time/
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[timeconst]: https://golang.org/pkg/time/#ANSIC
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