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130 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
130 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Links and Cross References
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description: Shortcodes for creating links to documents.
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date: 2017-02-01
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publishdate: 2017-02-01
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lastmod: 2017-03-31
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categories: [content management]
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keywords: ["cross references","references", "anchors", "urls"]
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menu:
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docs:
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parent: "content-management"
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weight: 100
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weight: 100 #rem
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aliases: [/extras/crossreferences/]
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toc: true
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---
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The `ref` and `relref` shortcodes display the absolute and relative permalinks to a document, respectively.
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## Use `ref` and `relref`
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```go-html-template
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{{</* ref "document" */>}}
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{{</* ref "document#anchor" */>}}
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{{</* ref "document.md" */>}}
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{{</* ref "document.md#anchor" */>}}
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{{</* ref "#anchor" */>}}
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{{</* ref "/blog/my-post" */>}}
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{{</* ref "/blog/my-post.md" */>}}
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{{</* relref "document" */>}}
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{{</* relref "document.md" */>}}
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{{</* relref "#anchor" */>}}
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{{</* relref "/blog/my-post.md" */>}}
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```
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To generate a hyperlink using `ref` or `relref` in markdown:
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```md
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[About]({{</* ref "/page/about" */>}} "About Us")
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```
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The `ref` and `relref` shortcodes require a single parameter: the path to a content document, with or without a file extension, with or without an anchor.
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**Paths without a leading `/` are first resolved relative to the current page, then to the remainder of the site.
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Hugo emits an error or warning if a document cannot be uniquely resolved. The error behavior is configurable; see below.
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### Link to another language version
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To link to another language version of a document, use this syntax:
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```go-html-template
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{{</* relref path="document.md" lang="ja" */>}}
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```
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### Get another Output Format
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To link to another Output Format of a document, use this syntax:
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```go-html-template
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{{</* relref path="document.md" outputFormat="rss" */>}}
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```
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### Heading IDs
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When using Markdown document types, Hugo generates element IDs for every heading on a page. For example:
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```md
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## Reference
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```
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produces this HTML:
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```html
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<h2 id="reference">Reference</h2>
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```
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Get the permalink to a heading by appending the ID to the path when using the `ref` or `relref` shortcodes:
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```go-html-template
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{{</* ref "document.md#reference" */>}}
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{{</* relref "document.md#reference" */>}}
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```
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Generate a custom heading ID by including an attribute. For example:
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```md
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## Reference A {#foo}
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## Reference B {id="bar"}
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```
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produces this HTML:
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```html
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<h2 id="foo">Reference A</h2>
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<h2 id="bar">Reference B</h2>
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```
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Hugo will generate unique element IDs if the same heading appears more than once on a page. For example:
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```md
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## Reference
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## Reference
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## Reference
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```
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produces this HTML:
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```html
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<h2 id="reference">Reference</h2>
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<h2 id="reference-1">Reference</h2>
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<h2 id="reference-2">Reference</h2>
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```
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## Ref and RelRef Configuration
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The behavior can, since Hugo 0.45, be configured in `config.toml`:
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refLinksErrorLevel ("ERROR")
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: When using `ref` or `relref` to resolve page links and a link cannot resolved, it will be logged with this log level. Valid values are `ERROR` (default) or `WARNING`. Any `ERROR` will fail the build (`exit -1`).
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refLinksNotFoundURL
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: URL to be used as a placeholder when a page reference cannot be found in `ref` or `relref`. Is used as-is.
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[lists]: /templates/lists/
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[output formats]: /templates/output-formats/
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[shortcode]: /content-management/shortcodes/
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[bfext]: /content-management/formats/#blackfriday-extensions
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