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The world’s fastest framework for building websites.
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Bjørn Erik Pedersen 7285e74090
all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 
There are some breaking changes in this commit, see #11455.

Closes #11455
Closes #11549

This fixes a set of bugs (see issue list) and it is also paying some technical debt accumulated over the years. We now build with Staticcheck enabled in the CI build.

The performance should be about the same as before for regular sized Hugo sites, but it should perform and scale much better to larger data sets, as objects that uses lots of memory (e.g. rendered Markdown, big JSON files read into maps with transform.Unmarshal etc.) will now get automatically garbage collected if needed. Performance on partial rebuilds when running the server in fast render mode should be the same, but the change detection should be much more accurate.

A list of the notable new features:

* A new dependency tracker that covers (almost) all of Hugo's API and is used to do fine grained partial rebuilds when running the server.
* A new and simpler tree document store which allows fast lookups and prefix-walking in all dimensions (e.g. language) concurrently.
* You can now configure an upper memory limit allowing for much larger data sets and/or running on lower specced PCs.
We have lifted the "no resources in sub folders" restriction for branch bundles (e.g. sections).
Memory Limit
* Hugos will, by default, set aside a quarter of the total system memory, but you can set this via the OS environment variable HUGO_MEMORYLIMIT (in gigabytes). This is backed by a partitioned LRU cache used throughout Hugo. A cache that gets dynamically resized in low memory situations, allowing Go's Garbage Collector to free the memory.

New Dependency Tracker: Hugo has had a rule based coarse grained approach to server rebuilds that has worked mostly pretty well, but there have been some surprises (e.g. stale content). This is now revamped with a new dependency tracker that can quickly calculate the delta given a changed resource (e.g. a content file, template, JS file etc.). This handles transitive relations, e.g. $page -> js.Build -> JS import, or $page1.Content -> render hook -> site.GetPage -> $page2.Title, or $page1.Content -> shortcode -> partial -> site.RegularPages -> $page2.Content -> shortcode ..., and should also handle changes to aggregated values (e.g. site.Lastmod) effectively.

This covers all of Hugo's API with 2 known exceptions (a list that may not be fully exhaustive):

Changes to files loaded with template func os.ReadFile may not be handled correctly. We recommend loading resources with resources.Get
Changes to Hugo objects (e.g. Page) passed in the template context to lang.Translate may not be detected correctly. We recommend having simple i18n templates without too much data context passed in other than simple types such as strings and numbers.
Note that the cachebuster configuration (when A changes then rebuild B) works well with the above, but we recommend that you revise that configuration, as it in most situations should not be needed. One example where it is still needed is with TailwindCSS and using changes to hugo_stats.json to trigger new CSS rebuilds.

Document Store: Previously, a little simplified, we split the document store (where we store pages and resources) in a tree per language. This worked pretty well, but the structure made some operations harder than they needed to be. We have now restructured it into one Radix tree for all languages. Internally the language is considered to be a dimension of that tree, and the tree can be viewed in all dimensions concurrently. This makes some operations re. language simpler (e.g. finding translations is just a slice range), but the idea is that it should also be relatively inexpensive to add more dimensions if needed (e.g. role).

Fixes #10169
Fixes #10364
Fixes #10482
Fixes #10630
Fixes #10656
Fixes #10694
Fixes #10918
Fixes #11262
Fixes #11439
Fixes #11453
Fixes #11457
Fixes #11466
Fixes #11540
Fixes #11551
Fixes #11556
Fixes #11654
Fixes #11661
Fixes #11663
Fixes #11664
Fixes #11669
Fixes #11671
Fixes #11807
Fixes #11808
Fixes #11809
Fixes #11815
Fixes #11840
Fixes #11853
Fixes #11860
Fixes #11883
Fixes #11904
Fixes #7388
Fixes #7425
Fixes #7436
Fixes #7544
Fixes #7882
Fixes #7960
Fixes #8255
Fixes #8307
Fixes #8863
Fixes #8927
Fixes #9192
Fixes #9324
2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
.circleci Upgrade to Go 1.21.6 2024-01-16 10:49:03 +01:00
.github all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
bufferpool all: gofmt -w -r 'interface{} -> any' . 2022-03-17 22:03:27 +01:00
cache all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
codegen Misc doc, code refactoring to improve documentation 2023-01-04 18:01:26 +01:00
commands all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
common all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
compare all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
config all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
create all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
deploy all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
deps all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
docs Merge commit '9b0050e9aabe4be65c78ccf292a348f309d50ccd' as 'docs' 2024-01-27 10:48:57 +01:00
docshelper Add all config to docshelper.json 2023-08-07 13:42:54 +02:00
helpers all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
htesting all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
hugofs all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
hugolib all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
identity all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
langs all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
lazy all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
livereload all: Remove unused code 2023-12-18 19:51:26 +01:00
markup all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
media all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
metrics Only invoke a given cached partial once 2023-01-25 17:35:23 +01:00
minifiers all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
modules all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
navigation all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
output all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
parser all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
publisher all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
related all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
releaser Remove reference to Goreleaser in code comment 2023-01-03 20:25:44 +01:00
resources all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
scripts/fork_go_templates all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
snap misc: Change dart-sass labels in workflows and snapcraft 2023-08-23 22:51:46 +02:00
source all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
testscripts all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
tpl all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
transform all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
watcher all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
.dockerignore Support Docker args TAGS, WORKDIR, CGO; speed up repetitive builds 2019-02-22 11:53:17 -08:00
.gitattributes .gitattributes: Exclude *.svg from CRLF/LF conversion 2018-07-09 21:06:15 -06:00
.gitignore Squashed 'docs/' content from commit 5c085a37b 2024-01-27 10:48:33 +01:00
.gitmodules Remove the theme submodule from /docs 2017-08-10 14:54:19 +02:00
.mailmap Add .mailmap to get a more correct author log 2015-01-28 16:50:36 +01:00
bench.sh Add GOEXE to support building with different versions of go 2017-07-16 00:35:15 +02:00
benchbep.sh Add Hugo Modules 2019-07-24 09:35:53 +02:00
benchSite.sh all: Fix minor typos 2020-12-16 12:11:32 +01:00
bepdock.sh build: Update the temp docker script 2018-09-24 12:41:12 +02:00
CONTRIBUTING.md docs: Remove outdated note from CONTRIBUTING.md 2023-10-21 18:57:01 +02:00
Dockerfile dockerfile: Update Docker images 2023-08-23 18:06:52 +02:00
go.mod all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
go.sum all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
hugoreleaser.env releaser: Prepare repository for 0.123.0-DEV 2024-01-26 16:06:12 +00:00
hugoreleaser.toml Squashed 'docs/' content from commit 5c085a37b 2024-01-27 10:48:33 +01:00
LICENSE license: Add copyright info 2022-08-28 12:55:47 +02:00
magefile.go magefile: Update isGoLatest to check for Go 1.21 2023-10-04 16:07:40 +02:00
main.go all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
main_test.go all: Rework page store, add a dynacache, improve partial rebuilds, and some general spring cleaning 2024-01-27 16:28:14 +01:00
merge-release.sh Add merge helper 2020-10-08 19:32:53 +02:00
pull-docs.sh Allow the pull-docs script to pull other than master 2017-09-23 10:13:40 +02:00
README.md Squashed 'docs/' content from commit 5c085a37b 2024-01-27 10:48:33 +01:00
release-hook-post-linux.sh Add linux/arm64 extended to release setup 2022-08-28 18:23:01 +02:00
SECURITY.md Update SECURITY.md 2020-12-22 10:09:59 +01:00
watchtestscripts.sh Create a struct with all of Hugo's config options 2023-05-16 18:01:29 +02:00

README.md

Hugo

A fast and flexible static site generator built with love by bep, spf13, and friends in Go.

GoDoc Tests on Linux, MacOS and Windows Go Report Card

Website | Installation | Documentation | Support | Contributing | Mastodon

Overview

Hugo is a static site generator written in Go, optimized for speed and designed for flexibility. With its advanced templating system and fast asset pipelines, Hugo renders a complete site in seconds, often less.

Due to its flexible framework, multilingual support, and powerful taxonomy system, Hugo is widely used to create:

  • Corporate, government, nonprofit, education, news, event, and project sites
  • Documentation sites
  • Image portfolios
  • Landing pages
  • Business, professional, and personal blogs
  • Resumes and CVs

Use Hugo's embedded web server during development to instantly see changes to content, structure, behavior, and presentation. Then deploy the site to your host, or push changes to your Git provider for automated builds and deployment.

Hugo's fast asset pipelines include:

  • CSS bundling – transpilation (Sass), tree shaking, minification, source maps, SRI hashing, and PostCSS integration
  • JavaScript bundling – transpilation (TypeScript, JSX), tree shaking, minification, source maps, and SRI hashing
  • Image processing – convert, resize, crop, rotate, adjust colors, apply filters, overlay text and images, and extract EXIF data

And with Hugo Modules, you can share content, assets, data, translations, themes, templates, and configuration with other projects via public or private Git repositories.

Sponsors

 

Linode           CloudCannon

 

Installation

Install Hugo from a prebuilt binary, package manager, or package repository. Please see the installation instructions for your operating system:

Build from source

Hugo is available in two editions: standard and extended. With the extended edition you can:

  • Encode to the WebP format when processing images. You can decode WebP images with either edition.
  • Transpile Sass to CSS using the embedded LibSass transpiler. The extended edition is not required to use the Dart Sass transpiler.

Prerequisites to build Hugo from source:

  • Standard edition: Go 1.20 or later
  • Extended edition: Go 1.20 or later, and GCC

Build the standard edition:

go install github.com/gohugoio/hugo@latest

Build the extended edition:

CGO_ENABLED=1 go install -tags extended github.com/gohugoio/hugo@latest

Documentation

Hugo's documentation includes installation instructions, a quick start guide, conceptual explanations, reference information, and examples.

Please submit documentation issues and pull requests to the documentation repository.

Support

Please do not use the issue queue for questions or troubleshooting. Unless you are certain that your issue is a software defect, use the forum.

Hugo’s forum is an active community of users and developers who answer questions, share knowledge, and provide examples. A quick search of over 20,000 topics will often answer your question. Please be sure to read about requesting help before asking your first question.

Contributing

You can contribute to the Hugo project by:

Please submit documentation issues and pull requests to the documentation repository.

If you have an idea for an enhancement or new feature, create a new topic on the forum in the "Feature" category. This will help you to:

  • Determine if the capability already exists
  • Measure interest
  • Refine the concept

If there is sufficient interest, create a proposal. Do not submit a pull request until the project lead accepts the proposal.

For a complete guide to contributing to Hugo, see the Contribution Guide.

Dependencies

Hugo stands on the shoulders of great open source libraries. Run hugo env --logLevel info to display a list of dependencies.

See current dependencies 
cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata="v0.2.3"
cloud.google.com/go/iam="v1.1.3"
cloud.google.com/go/storage="v1.31.0"
cloud.google.com/go="v0.110.8"
github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore="v1.7.0"
github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity="v1.3.0"
github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal="v1.3.0"
github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/storage/azblob="v1.1.0"
github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/to="v0.4.0"
github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-go="v1.0.0"
github.com/BurntSushi/locker="v0.0.0-20171006230638-a6e239ea1c69"
github.com/PuerkitoBio/purell="v1.1.1"
github.com/PuerkitoBio/urlesc="v0.0.0-20170810143723-de5bf2ad4578"
github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2="v2.11.1"
github.com/armon/go-radix="v1.0.0"
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream="v1.4.11"
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config="v1.18.32"
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials="v1.13.31"
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds="v1.13.7"
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/s3/manager="v1.11.76"
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources="v1.1.37"
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2="v2.4.31"
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/ini="v1.3.38"
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/v4a="v1.1.0"
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding="v1.9.12"
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/checksum="v1.1.32"
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url="v1.9.31"
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/s3shared="v1.15.0"
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3="v1.38.1"
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso="v1.13.1"
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc="v1.15.1"
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts="v1.21.1"
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2="v1.20.0"
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go="v1.48.2"
github.com/aws/smithy-go="v1.14.0"
github.com/bep/clocks="v0.5.0"
github.com/bep/debounce="v1.2.0"
github.com/bep/gitmap="v1.1.2"
github.com/bep/goat="v0.5.0"
github.com/bep/godartsass/v2="v2.0.0"
github.com/bep/godartsass="v1.2.0"
github.com/bep/golibsass="v1.1.1"
github.com/bep/gowebp="v0.3.0"
github.com/bep/lazycache="v0.2.0"
github.com/bep/logg="v0.3.0"
github.com/bep/mclib="v1.20400.20402"
github.com/bep/overlayfs="v0.6.0"
github.com/bep/simplecobra="v0.3.2"
github.com/bep/tmc="v0.5.1"
github.com/clbanning/mxj/v2="v2.7.0"
github.com/cli/safeexec="v1.0.1"
github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2="v2.0.2"
github.com/disintegration/gift="v1.2.1"
github.com/dlclark/regexp2="v1.10.0"
github.com/dustin/go-humanize="v1.0.1"
github.com/evanw/esbuild="v0.19.7"
github.com/fatih/color="v1.16.0"
github.com/frankban/quicktest="v1.14.6"
github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify="v1.7.0"
github.com/getkin/kin-openapi="v0.120.0"
github.com/ghodss/yaml="v1.0.0"
github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer="v0.19.6"
github.com/go-openapi/swag="v0.22.4"
github.com/gobuffalo/flect="v1.0.2"
github.com/gobwas/glob="v0.2.3"
github.com/gohugoio/go-i18n/v2="v2.1.3-0.20230805085216-e63c13218d0e"
github.com/gohugoio/locales="v0.14.0"
github.com/gohugoio/localescompressed="v1.0.1"
github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v4="v4.5.0"
github.com/golang/groupcache="v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da"
github.com/golang/protobuf="v1.5.3"
github.com/google/go-cmp="v0.6.0"
github.com/google/s2a-go="v0.1.7"
github.com/google/uuid="v1.4.0"
github.com/google/wire="v0.5.0"
github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy="v0.3.2"
github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2="v2.12.0"
github.com/gorilla/websocket="v1.5.1"
github.com/hairyhenderson/go-codeowners="v0.4.0"
github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2="v2.0.1"
github.com/invopop/yaml="v0.2.0"
github.com/jdkato/prose="v1.2.1"
github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath="v0.4.0"
github.com/josharian/intern="v1.0.0"
github.com/kr/pretty="v0.3.1"
github.com/kr/text="v0.2.0"
github.com/kylelemons/godebug="v1.1.0"
github.com/kyokomi/emoji/v2="v2.2.12"
github.com/mailru/easyjson="v0.7.7"
github.com/marekm4/color-extractor="v1.2.1"
github.com/mattn/go-colorable="v0.1.13"
github.com/mattn/go-isatty="v0.0.20"
github.com/mattn/go-runewidth="v0.0.9"
github.com/mitchellh/hashstructure="v1.1.0"
github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure="v1.5.0"
github.com/mohae/deepcopy="v0.0.0-20170929034955-c48cc78d4826"
github.com/muesli/smartcrop="v0.3.0"
github.com/niklasfasching/go-org="v1.7.0"
github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter="v0.0.5"
github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2="v2.1.0"
github.com/perimeterx/marshmallow="v1.1.5"
github.com/pkg/browser="v0.0.0-20210911075715-681adbf594b8"
github.com/pkg/errors="v0.9.1"
github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal="v1.11.0"
github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2="v2.1.0"
github.com/rwcarlsen/goexif="v0.0.0-20190401172101-9e8deecbddbd"
github.com/sanity-io/litter="v1.5.5"
github.com/sass/dart-sass/compiler="1.63.2"
github.com/sass/dart-sass/implementation="1.63.2"
github.com/sass/dart-sass/protocol="2.0.0"
github.com/sass/libsass="3.6.5"
github.com/spf13/afero="v1.10.0"
github.com/spf13/cast="v1.5.1"
github.com/spf13/cobra="v1.7.0"
github.com/spf13/fsync="v0.9.0"
github.com/spf13/pflag="v1.0.5"
github.com/tdewolff/minify/v2="v2.20.7"
github.com/tdewolff/parse/v2="v2.7.5"
github.com/webmproject/libwebp="v1.3.2"
github.com/yuin/goldmark-emoji="v1.0.2"
github.com/yuin/goldmark="v1.6.0"
go.opencensus.io="v0.24.0"
go.uber.org/atomic="v1.11.0"
go.uber.org/automaxprocs="v1.5.3"
gocloud.dev="v0.34.0"
golang.org/x/crypto="v0.15.0"
golang.org/x/exp="v0.0.0-20221031165847-c99f073a8326"
golang.org/x/image="v0.13.0"
golang.org/x/mod="v0.14.0"
golang.org/x/net="v0.18.0"
golang.org/x/oauth2="v0.13.0"
golang.org/x/sync="v0.5.0"
golang.org/x/sys="v0.14.0"
golang.org/x/text="v0.14.0"
golang.org/x/time="v0.3.0"
golang.org/x/tools="v0.15.0"
golang.org/x/xerrors="v0.0.0-20220907171357-04be3eba64a2"
google.golang.org/api="v0.151.0"
google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api="v0.0.0-20231016165738-49dd2c1f3d0b"
google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc="v0.0.0-20231030173426-d783a09b4405"
google.golang.org/genproto="v0.0.0-20231016165738-49dd2c1f3d0b"
google.golang.org/grpc="v1.59.0"
google.golang.org/protobuf="v1.31.0"
gopkg.in/yaml.v2="v2.4.0"
gopkg.in/yaml.v3="v3.0.1"
howett.net/plist="v1.0.0"
software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12="v0.2.0"