mirror of
https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo.git
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Documentation for ref and relref.
- Rejigged the weight of the extras/ content for the new crossreferences
page.
- Used the new {{</*…*/>}} format for documenting highlighting and to
prevent a warning about the missing `fig` shortcode.
This commit is contained in:
Austin Ziegler
spf13
parent
112c3c5c04
commit
fd33e5d202
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ menu:
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next: /extras/comments
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prev: /extras/aliases
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title: Hugo Builders
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weight: 12
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weight: 20
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---
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Hugo provides the functionality to quickly get a site, theme or page
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@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ linktitle: Comments
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menu:
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main:
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parent: extras
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next: /extras/livereload
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next: /extras/crossreferences
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prev: /extras/builders
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title: Comments in Hugo
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weight: 14
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weight: 30
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---
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As Hugo is a static site generator, the content produced is static and
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150
docs/content/extras/crossreferences.md
Normal file
150
docs/content/extras/crossreferences.md
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@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
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---
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date: 2014-11-25
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menu:
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main:
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parent: extras
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next: /extras/livereload
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prev: /extras/comments
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title: Cross-References
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weight: 40
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---
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Hugo makes it easy to link documents together with the `ref` and `relref` shortcodes. These shortcodes are also used to safely provide links to headings inside of your content, whether across documents or within a document. The only difference between `ref` and `relref` is whether the resulting URL is absolute (`http://1.com/about/`) or relative (`/about/`).
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## Using `ref` and `relref`
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{{</* ref "document" */>}}
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{{</* ref "#anchor" */>}}
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{{</* ref "document#anchor" */>}}
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{{</* relref "document" */>}}
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{{</* relref "#anchor" */>}}
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{{</* relref "document#anchor" */>}}
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The single parameter to `ref` is a string with a content _document name_ (`about.md`), an in-document _anchor_ (`#who`), or both (`about.md#who`).
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### Document Names
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The _document name_ is the name of a document including the format extension; this may be just the filename, or the relative path from the `content/` directory. With a document `content/blog/post.md`, either format will produce the same result.
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{{</* relref "blog/post.md" */>}} ⇒ `/blog/post/`
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{{</* relref "post.md" */>}} ⇒ `/blog/post/`
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If you have multiple sections with the same filename, you should only use the relative path format, because the behaviour is _undefined_. So, if I also have a document `link/post.md`, the output of `ref` is unknown for `post.md`.
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{{</* relref "blog/post.md" */>}} ⇒ `/blog/post/`
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{{</* relref "post.md" */>}} ⇒ `/blog/post/` (maybe)
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{{</* relref "post.md" */>}} ⇒ `/link/post/` (maybe)
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{{</* relref "link/post.md" */>}} ⇒ `/link/post/`
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A relative document name must *not* begin with a slash (`/`).
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{{</* relref "/blog/post.md" */>}} ⇒ `""`
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### Anchors
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When an _anchor_ is provided by itself, the current page’s unique identifier will be appended; when an _anchor_ is provided with a document name, the found page's unique identifier will be appended.
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{{</* relref "#who" */>}} ⇒ `#who:9decaf7`
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{{</* relref "blog/post.md#who" */>}} ⇒ `/blog/post/#who:badcafe`
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More information about document unique identifiers and headings can be found [below]({{< ref "#hugo-heading-anchors" >}}).
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### Examples
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* `{{</* ref "blog/post.md" */>}}` ⇒ `http://1.com/blog/post/`
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* `{{</* ref "post.md#tldr" */>}}` ⇒ `http://1.com/blog/post/#tldr:caffebad`
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* `{{</* relref "post.md" */>}}` ⇒ `/blog/post/`
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* `{{</* relref "blog/post.md#tldr" */>}}` ⇒ `/blog/post/#tldr:caffebad`
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* `{{</* ref "#tldr" */>}}` ⇒ `#tldr:badcaffe`
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* `{{</* relref "#tldr" */>}}` ⇒ `#tldr:badcaffe`
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## Hugo Heading Anchors
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When using Markdown document types, Hugo generates heading anchors automatically. The generated anchor for this section is `hugo-heading-anchors`. Because the heading anchors are generated automatically, Hugo takes some effort to ensure that heading anchors are unique both inside a document and across the entire site.
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Ensuring heading uniqueness across the site is accomplished with a unique identifier for each document based on its path. Unless a document is renamed or moved between sections *in the filesystem*, the unique identifier for the document will not change: `blog/post.md` will always have a unique identifier of `81df004c333b392d34a49fd3a91ba720`.
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`ref` and `relref` were added so you can make these reference links without having to know the document’s unique identifier. (The links in document tables of contents are automatically up-to-date with this value.)
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{{</* relref "extras/crossreferences.md#hugo-heading-anchors" */>}}
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/extras/crossreferences/#hugo-heading-anchors:77cd9ea530577debf4ce0f28c8dca242
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> What follows is a deeper discussion of *why* and *how* Hugo generates heading anchors. It is not necessary to know this to use `ref` and `relref`, but it may be useful in understanding how some anchors may not match your expectations.
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### How to Generate a Heading Anchor
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Convert the text of the heading to lowercase.
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Hugo: A Fast & Modern Static Web Engine
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hugo: a fast & modern static web engine
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Replace anything that isn't an ASCII letter (`a-z`) or number (`0-9`) with a dash (`-`).
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hugo: a fast & modern static web engine
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hugo--a-fast---modern-static-web-engine
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Get rid of extra dashes.
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hugo--a-fast---modern-static-web-engine
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hugo-a-fast-modern-static-web-engine
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You have just converting the text of a heading to a suitable anchor. If your document has unique heading text, all of the anchors will be unique, too.
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#### Specifying Heading Anchors
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You can also tell Hugo to use a particular heading anchor.
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# Hugo: A Fast & Modern Static Web Engine {#hugo-main}
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Hugo will use `hugo-main` as the heading anchor.
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### What About Duplicate Heading Anchors?
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The technique outlined above works well enough, but some documents have headings with identical text, like the [shortcodes](/extras/shortcodes/) page—there are three headings with the text "Example". You can specify heading anchors manually:
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### Example {#example-1}
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### Example {#example-2}
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### Example {#example-3}
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It’s easy to forget to do that all the time, and Hugo is smart enough to do it for you. It just adds `-x` to the end of each heading it has already seen.
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* `### Example` ⇒ `example`
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* `### Example` ⇒ `example-1`
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* `### Example` ⇒ `example-2`
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Sometimes it's a little harder, but Hugo can recover from those, too, by adding more suffixes:
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* `# Heading` ⇒ `heading`
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* `# Heading 1` ⇒ `heading-1`
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* `# Heading` ⇒ `heading-1-1`
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* `# Heading` ⇒ `heading-1-2`
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* `# Heading 1` ⇒ `heading-2`
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This can even affect specified heading anchors that come after a generated heading anchor.
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* `# My Heading` ⇒ `my-heading`
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* `# My Heading {#my-heading}` ⇒ `my-heading-1`
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> This particular collision and override is unfortunate, but unavoidable because Hugo processes each heading for collision detection as it sees it during conversion.
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This technique works well for documents rendered on individual pages, like blog posts. What about on Hugo list pages?
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### Unique Heading Anchors in Lists
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Hugo converts each document from Markdown independently. it doesn’t know that `blog/post.md` has an "Example" heading that will collide with the "Example" heading in `blog/post2.md`. Even if it did know this, the addition of `blog/post3.md` should not cause the anchors for the headings in the other blog posts to change.
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Enter the document’s unique identifier. To prevent this sort of collision on
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list pages, Hugo always appends the document's to a generated heading anchor.
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So, the "Example" heading in `blog/post.md` actually turns into
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`#example:81df004…`, and the "Example" heading in `blog/post2.md` actually
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turns into `#example:8cf1599…`. All you have to know is the heading anchor that
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was generated, not the document identifier; `ref` and `relref` take care of the
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rest for you.
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<a href='{{</* relref "blog/post.md#example" */>}}'>Post Example</a>
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<a href='/blog/post.md#81df004…'>Post Example</a>
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[Post Two Example]({{</* relref "blog/post2.md#example" */>}})
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<a href='/blog/post2.md#8cf1599…'>Post Two Example</a>
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Now you know.
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ menu:
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next: /extras/toc
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prev: /extras/shortcodes
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title: Syntax Highlighting
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weight: 50
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weight: 90
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---
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Hugo provides the ability for you to highlight source code in two different
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@ -43,20 +43,20 @@ Highlight takes exactly one required parameter of language and requires a
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closing shortcode.
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### Example
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The example has an extra space between the “`{{`” and “`%`” characters to prevent rendering here. Since this example is a code block, we use GitHub flavored Markdown's code fences, ```, to delimit the code. If you are using standard Markdown, instead of the code fence delimiters, each line must be preceeded by 4 spaces to identify each line as a line of code. Not doing either will result in the text being rendered as HTML. This will prevent Pygments highlighting from working.
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Since this example is a code block, we use Github flavored Markdown's code fences, ```, to delimit the code. If you are using standard Markdown, instead of the code fence delimiters, each line must be preceeded by 4 spaces to identify each line as a line of code. Not doing either will result in the text being rendered as HTML. This will prevent Pygment highlighting from working.
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```
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{{ % highlight html %}}
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<section id="main">
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<div>
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<h1 id="title">{{ .Title }}</h1>
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{{ range .Data.Pages }}
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{{ .Render "summary"}}
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{{ end }}
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</div>
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</section>
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{{ % /highlight %}}
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```
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```
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{{%/* highlight html */%}}
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<section id="main">
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<div>
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<h1 id="title">{{ .Title }}</h1>
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{{ range .Data.Pages }}
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{{ .Render "summary"}}
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{{ end }}
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</div>
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</section>
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{{%/* /highlight */%}}
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```
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### Example Output
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@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ menu:
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main:
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parent: extras
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next: /extras/menus
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prev: /extras/comments
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prev: /extras/crossreferences
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title: Live Reload
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weight: 15
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weight: 50
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---
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Hugo may not be the first static site generator to utilize live reload
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ menu:
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next: /extras/permalinks
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prev: /extras/livereload
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title: Menus
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weight: 20
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weight: 60
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---
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Hugo has a simple yet powerful menu system that permits content to be
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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ next: /extras/shortcodes
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notoc: true
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prev: /extras/menus
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title: Permalinks
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weight: 30
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weight: 70
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---
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By default, content is laid out into the target `publishdir` (public)
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next: /extras/highlighting
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prev: /extras/permalinks
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title: Shortcodes
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weight: 40
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weight: 80
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---
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Hugo uses Markdown for its simple content format. However, there’s a lot
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@ -129,6 +129,33 @@ closing shortcode.
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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### ref, relref
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These shortcodes will look up the pages by their relative path (e.g.,
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`blog/post.md`) or their logical name (`post.md`) and return the permalink
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(`ref`) or relative permalink (`relref`) for the found page.
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`ref` and `relref` also make it possible to make fragmentary links that work
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for the header links generated by Hugo.
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Read more on [cross-references]({{% ref "extras/crossreferences.md" %}}).
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#### Usage
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`ref` and `relref` take exactly one required parameter of _reference_.
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#### Example
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[Neat]({{</* ref "blog/neat.md" */>}})
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[Who]({{</* relref "about.md#who" */>}})
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#### Example Output
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Assuming that standard Hugo pretty URLs are turned on.
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<a href="/blog/neat">Neat</a>
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<a href="/about/#who:c28654c202e73453784cfd2c5ab356c0">Who</a>
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## Creating your own shortcodes
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To create a shortcode, place a template in the layouts/shortcodes directory. The
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next: /extras/urls
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prev: /extras/highlighting
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title: Table of Contents
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weight: 60
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weight: 100
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---
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Hugo will automatically parse the Markdown for your content and create
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notoc: true
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prev: /extras/toc
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title: URLs
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weight: 70
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weight: 110
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---
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## Pretty URLs
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### highlight
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Take a string of code and a language, uses Pygments to return the syntax
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highlighted code in HTML. Used in the [highlight shortcode](/extras/highlighting).
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highlighted code in HTML. Used in the [highlight
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shortcode](/extras/highlighting).
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### ref, relref
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Looks up a content page by relative path or logical name to return the permalink (`ref`) or relative permalink (`relref`). Requires a Node or Page object (usually satisfied with `.`). Used in the [`ref` and `relref` shortcodes]({{% ref "extras/crossreferences.md" %}}).
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e.g. {{ ref . "about.md" }}
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@ -29,23 +29,23 @@ matter, content or derived from file location.
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**.Keywords** The meta keywords for this content.<br>
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**.Date** The date the content is associated with.<br>
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**.PublishDate** The date the content is published on.<br>
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**.Type** The content [type](/content/types/) (e.g. post)<br>
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**.Section** The [section](/content/sections/) this content belongs to<br>
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**.Type** The content [type](/content/types/) (e.g. post).<br>
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**.Section** The [section](/content/sections/) this content belongs to.<br>
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**.Permalink** The Permanent link for this page.<br>
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**.RelPermalink** The Relative permanent link for this page.<br>
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**.LinkTitle** Access when creating links to this content. Will use linktitle if set in front-matter, else title<br>
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**.Taxonomies** These will use the field name of the plural form of the index (see tags and categories above)<br>
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**.RSSLink** Link to the indexes' rss link <br>
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**.TableOfContents** The rendered table of contents for this content<br>
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**.Prev** Pointer to the previous content (based on pub date)<br>
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**.Next** Pointer to the following content (based on pub date)<br>
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**.LinkTitle** Access when creating links to this content. Will use linktitle if set in front-matter, else title.<br>
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**.Taxonomies** These will use the field name of the plural form of the index (see tags and categories above).<br>
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**.RSSLink** Link to the indexes' rss link.<br>
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**.TableOfContents** The rendered table of contents for this content.<br>
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**.Prev** Pointer to the previous content (based on pub date).<br>
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**.Next** Pointer to the following content (based on pub date).<br>
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**.FuzzyWordCount** The approximate number of words in the content.<br>
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**.WordCount** The number of words in the content.<br>
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**.ReadingTime** The estimated time it takes to read the content in minutes.<br>
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**.Weight** Assigned weight (in the front matter) to this content, used in sorting.<br>
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**.IsNode** Always false for pages.<br>
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**.IsPage** Always true for page.<br>
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**.Site** See site variables below<br>
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**.Site** See site variables below.<br>
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## Page Params
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**.Date** The date the content is published on.<br>
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**.Permalink** The Permanent link for this node<br>
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**.Url** The relative url for this node.<br>
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**.Ref(ref)** Returns the permalink for `ref`. See [cross-references]({{% ref "extras/crossreferences.md" %}}). Does not handle in-page fragments correctly.<br>
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**.RelRef(ref)** Returns the relative permalink for `ref`. See [cross-references]({{% ref "extras/crossreferences.md" %}}). Does not handle in-page fragments correctly.<br>
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**.RSSLink** Link to the indexes' rss link <br>
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**.Data** The data specific to this type of node.<br>
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**.IsNode** Always true for nodes.<br>
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to this (this example uses a slightly extended version named `fig`, different than the built-in `figure`):
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{{</* fig class="full" src="http://farm5.staticflickr.com/4136/4829260124_57712e570a_o_d.jpg" title="One of my favorite touristy-type photos. I secretly waited for the good light while we were having fun and took this. Only regret: a stupid pole in the top-left corner of the frame I had to clumsily get rid of at post-processing." link="http://www.flickr.com/photos/alexnormand/4829260124/in/set-72157624547713078/" */>}}
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{{%/* fig class="full" src="http://farm5.staticflickr.com/4136/4829260124_57712e570a_o_d.jpg" title="One of my favorite touristy-type photos. I secretly waited for the good light while we were having fun and took this. Only regret: a stupid pole in the top-left corner of the frame I had to clumsily get rid of at post-processing." link="http://www.flickr.com/photos/alexnormand/4829260124/in/set-72157624547713078/" */%}}
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As a bonus, the shortcode named parameters are, arguably, more readable.
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