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98 lines
3.4 KiB
Markdown
98 lines
3.4 KiB
Markdown
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---
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title: Base templates and blocks
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description: The base and block constructs allow you to define the outer shell of your master templates (i.e., the chrome of the page).
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categories: [templates,fundamentals]
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keywords: [blocks,base]
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menu:
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docs:
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parent: templates
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weight: 40
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weight: 40
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toc: true
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aliases: [/templates/blocks/,/templates/base-templates-and-blocks/]
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---
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The `block` keyword allows you to define the outer shell of your pages' one or more master template(s) and then fill in or override portions as necessary.
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{{< youtube QVOMCYitLEc >}}
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## Base template lookup order
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The base template lookup order closely follows that of the template it applies to (e.g. `_default/list.html`).
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See [Template Lookup Order](/templates/lookup-order/) for details and examples.
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## Define the base template
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The following defines a simple base template at `_default/baseof.html`. As a default template, it is the shell from which all your pages will be rendered unless you specify another `*baseof.html` closer to the beginning of the lookup order.
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{{< code file=layouts/_default/baseof.html >}}
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>{{ block "title" . }}
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<!-- Blocks may include default content. -->
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{{ .Site.Title }}
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{{ end }}</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<!-- Code that all your templates share, like a header -->
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{{ block "main" . }}
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<!-- The part of the page that begins to differ between templates -->
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{{ end }}
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{{ block "footer" . }}
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<!-- More shared code, perhaps a footer but that can be overridden if need be in -->
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{{ end }}
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</body>
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</html>
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{{< /code >}}
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## Override the base template
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From the above base template, you can define a [default list template][hugolists]. The default list template will inherit all of the code defined above and can then implement its own `"main"` block from:
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{{< code file=layouts/_default/list.html >}}
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{{ define "main" }}
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<h1>Posts</h1>
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{{ range .Pages }}
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<article>
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<h2>{{ .Title }}</h2>
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{{ .Content }}
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</article>
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{{ end }}
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{{ end }}
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{{< /code >}}
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This replaces the contents of our (basically empty) "main" block with something useful for the list template. In this case, we didn't define a `"title"` block, so the contents from our base template remain unchanged in lists.
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{{% note %}}
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Code that you put outside the block definitions *can* break your layout. This even includes HTML comments. For example:
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```go-html-template
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<!-- Seemingly harmless HTML comment..that will break your layout at build -->
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{{ define "main" }}
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...your code here
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{{ end }}
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```
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[See this thread from the Hugo discussion forums.](https://discourse.gohugo.io/t/baseof-html-block-templates-and-list-types-results-in-empty-pages/5612/6)
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{{% /note %}}
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The following shows how you can override both the `"main"` and `"title"` block areas from the base template with code unique to your [default single page template][singletemplate]:
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{{< code file=layouts/_default/single.html >}}
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{{ define "title" }}
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<!-- This will override the default value set in baseof.html; i.e., "{{ .Site.Title }}" in the original example-->
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{{ .Title }} – {{ .Site.Title }}
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{{ end }}
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{{ define "main" }}
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<h1>{{ .Title }}</h1>
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{{ .Content }}
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{{ end }}
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{{< /code >}}
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[hugolists]: /templates/lists
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[lookup]: /templates/lookup-order/
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[rendering the section]: /templates/section-templates/
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[singletemplate]: /templates/single-page-templates/
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