hugo/docs/content/en/templates/pagination.md

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---
title: Pagination
linktitle: Pagination
description: Hugo supports pagination for your homepage, section pages, and taxonomies.
date: 2017-02-01
publishdate: 2017-02-01
lastmod: 2017-02-01
categories: [templates]
keywords: [lists,sections,pagination]
menu:
docs:
parent: "templates"
weight: 140
weight: 140
sections_weight: 140
draft: false
aliases: [/extras/pagination,/doc/pagination/]
toc: true
---
The real power of Hugo pagination shines when combined with the [`where` function][where] and its SQL-like operators: [`first`][], [`last`][], and [`after`][]. You can even [order the content][lists] the way you've become used to with Hugo.
## Configure Pagination
Pagination can be configured in your [site configuration][configuration]:
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`paginate`
: default = `10`. This setting can be overridden within the template.
Squashed 'docs/' changes from 9cece6640..fb551cc75 fb551cc75 Update index.md 7af894857 Update index.md d235753ea Hugo 0.82.1 e03e72deb Merge branch 'temp0821' e62648961 Merge branch 'release-0.82.1' e1ab0f6eb releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.82.1 5d354c38d Replaced ``` code blocks with Code Toggler c9d065c20 Remove duplicate YAML keys (#1420) 8ae31e701 Add webp image encoding support 848f2af26 Update internal.md (#1407) c103a86a4 Fix `ref` shortcode example output (#1409) 9f8ba56dc Remove leading dot from where function KEY (#1419) 363251a51 Improve presentation of template lookup order (#1382) b73da986d Improve description of Page Resources (#1381) 4e0bb96d5 Rework robots.txt page (#1405) edf893e6f Update migrations.md (#1412) 450f1580b Add link to `site` function doc (#1417) cfffa6e6f Added one extension to the list (#1414) 05f1665a0 Update theme 5de0b1c6a Update theme 250e20552 Add hugo.IsExtended dea5e1fd7 Fix typo on merge function page (#1408) 1bbed2cf3 Update configuration.md be0b64a46 Omit ISO cbb5b8367 Fix `dateFormat` documentation 698f15466 Regenerate the docshelper f9a8a7cb6 Update multilingual.md a22dc6267 Fix grammar (#1398) eb98b0997 Fix pretty URL example (#1397) f4c4153dc Mention date var complementation in post scheduling (#1396) 17fae284c Fix resources.ExecuteAsTemplate argument order (#1394) 97e2c2abb Use code-toggle shortcode in `multilingual.md` (#1388) 3a84929bb Harmonize capitalization (#1393) 17f15daa6 fix file naming used in example (#1392) 5d97b6a18 Add slice syntax to sections permalinks config 00665b97b Improve description of `site.md` edcf5e3fc Fix example in `merge.md` f275ab778 Update postprocess.md 9593e3991 Fix file name 59bd9656f Update postprocess.md 1172fb6d0 Update to theNewDynamic repository (#1263) f5b5c1d2c Update Hugo container image 4f2e92f2a Adapt anchorize.md to Goldmark 98aa19073 Directly link to `highlight` shortcode (#1384) 4c75c2422 Fix header level f15c06f23 markdownify: add note about render-hooks and .RenderString (#1281) 69c82eb68 Remove Blackfriday reference from shortcode desc (#1380) 36de478df Update description of ignoreFiles config setting (#1377) 6337699d8 Remove "Authors" page from documentation (#1371) 35e73ca90 fix indent in example (#1372) d3f01f19a Remove opening body tag from header example (#1376) 341a5a7d8 Update index.md c9bfdbee6 Release 0.82.0 119644949 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.82.0 32efaed78 docs: Regenerate docs helper dea5449a2 docs: Regen CLI docs eeab18fce Merge commit '81689af79901f0cdaff765cda6322dd4a9a7ccb3' d508a1259 Attributes for code fences should be placed after the lang indicator only c80905cef deps: Update to esbuild v0.9.0 95350eb79 Add support for Google Analytics v4 02d36f9bc Allow markdown attribute lists to be used in title render hooks 7df220a64 Merge commit '9d31f650da964a52f05fc27b7fb99cf3e09778cf' d80bf61b7 Fixes #7698. git-subtree-dir: docs git-subtree-split: fb551cc750faa83a1493b0e0d0898cd98ab74465
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`paginatePath`
: default = `page`. Allows you to set a different path for your pagination pages.
Squashed 'docs/' changes from 9cece6640..fb551cc75 fb551cc75 Update index.md 7af894857 Update index.md d235753ea Hugo 0.82.1 e03e72deb Merge branch 'temp0821' e62648961 Merge branch 'release-0.82.1' e1ab0f6eb releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.82.1 5d354c38d Replaced ``` code blocks with Code Toggler c9d065c20 Remove duplicate YAML keys (#1420) 8ae31e701 Add webp image encoding support 848f2af26 Update internal.md (#1407) c103a86a4 Fix `ref` shortcode example output (#1409) 9f8ba56dc Remove leading dot from where function KEY (#1419) 363251a51 Improve presentation of template lookup order (#1382) b73da986d Improve description of Page Resources (#1381) 4e0bb96d5 Rework robots.txt page (#1405) edf893e6f Update migrations.md (#1412) 450f1580b Add link to `site` function doc (#1417) cfffa6e6f Added one extension to the list (#1414) 05f1665a0 Update theme 5de0b1c6a Update theme 250e20552 Add hugo.IsExtended dea5e1fd7 Fix typo on merge function page (#1408) 1bbed2cf3 Update configuration.md be0b64a46 Omit ISO cbb5b8367 Fix `dateFormat` documentation 698f15466 Regenerate the docshelper f9a8a7cb6 Update multilingual.md a22dc6267 Fix grammar (#1398) eb98b0997 Fix pretty URL example (#1397) f4c4153dc Mention date var complementation in post scheduling (#1396) 17fae284c Fix resources.ExecuteAsTemplate argument order (#1394) 97e2c2abb Use code-toggle shortcode in `multilingual.md` (#1388) 3a84929bb Harmonize capitalization (#1393) 17f15daa6 fix file naming used in example (#1392) 5d97b6a18 Add slice syntax to sections permalinks config 00665b97b Improve description of `site.md` edcf5e3fc Fix example in `merge.md` f275ab778 Update postprocess.md 9593e3991 Fix file name 59bd9656f Update postprocess.md 1172fb6d0 Update to theNewDynamic repository (#1263) f5b5c1d2c Update Hugo container image 4f2e92f2a Adapt anchorize.md to Goldmark 98aa19073 Directly link to `highlight` shortcode (#1384) 4c75c2422 Fix header level f15c06f23 markdownify: add note about render-hooks and .RenderString (#1281) 69c82eb68 Remove Blackfriday reference from shortcode desc (#1380) 36de478df Update description of ignoreFiles config setting (#1377) 6337699d8 Remove "Authors" page from documentation (#1371) 35e73ca90 fix indent in example (#1372) d3f01f19a Remove opening body tag from header example (#1376) 341a5a7d8 Update index.md c9bfdbee6 Release 0.82.0 119644949 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.82.0 32efaed78 docs: Regenerate docs helper dea5449a2 docs: Regen CLI docs eeab18fce Merge commit '81689af79901f0cdaff765cda6322dd4a9a7ccb3' d508a1259 Attributes for code fences should be placed after the lang indicator only c80905cef deps: Update to esbuild v0.9.0 95350eb79 Add support for Google Analytics v4 02d36f9bc Allow markdown attribute lists to be used in title render hooks 7df220a64 Merge commit '9d31f650da964a52f05fc27b7fb99cf3e09778cf' d80bf61b7 Fixes #7698. git-subtree-dir: docs git-subtree-split: fb551cc750faa83a1493b0e0d0898cd98ab74465
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Setting `paginate` to a positive value will split the list pages for the homepage, sections and taxonomies into chunks of that size. But note that the generation of the pagination pages for sections, taxonomies and homepage is *lazy* --- the pages will not be created if not referenced by a `.Paginator` (see below).
Squashed 'docs/' changes from 9cece6640..fb551cc75 fb551cc75 Update index.md 7af894857 Update index.md d235753ea Hugo 0.82.1 e03e72deb Merge branch 'temp0821' e62648961 Merge branch 'release-0.82.1' e1ab0f6eb releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.82.1 5d354c38d Replaced ``` code blocks with Code Toggler c9d065c20 Remove duplicate YAML keys (#1420) 8ae31e701 Add webp image encoding support 848f2af26 Update internal.md (#1407) c103a86a4 Fix `ref` shortcode example output (#1409) 9f8ba56dc Remove leading dot from where function KEY (#1419) 363251a51 Improve presentation of template lookup order (#1382) b73da986d Improve description of Page Resources (#1381) 4e0bb96d5 Rework robots.txt page (#1405) edf893e6f Update migrations.md (#1412) 450f1580b Add link to `site` function doc (#1417) cfffa6e6f Added one extension to the list (#1414) 05f1665a0 Update theme 5de0b1c6a Update theme 250e20552 Add hugo.IsExtended dea5e1fd7 Fix typo on merge function page (#1408) 1bbed2cf3 Update configuration.md be0b64a46 Omit ISO cbb5b8367 Fix `dateFormat` documentation 698f15466 Regenerate the docshelper f9a8a7cb6 Update multilingual.md a22dc6267 Fix grammar (#1398) eb98b0997 Fix pretty URL example (#1397) f4c4153dc Mention date var complementation in post scheduling (#1396) 17fae284c Fix resources.ExecuteAsTemplate argument order (#1394) 97e2c2abb Use code-toggle shortcode in `multilingual.md` (#1388) 3a84929bb Harmonize capitalization (#1393) 17f15daa6 fix file naming used in example (#1392) 5d97b6a18 Add slice syntax to sections permalinks config 00665b97b Improve description of `site.md` edcf5e3fc Fix example in `merge.md` f275ab778 Update postprocess.md 9593e3991 Fix file name 59bd9656f Update postprocess.md 1172fb6d0 Update to theNewDynamic repository (#1263) f5b5c1d2c Update Hugo container image 4f2e92f2a Adapt anchorize.md to Goldmark 98aa19073 Directly link to `highlight` shortcode (#1384) 4c75c2422 Fix header level f15c06f23 markdownify: add note about render-hooks and .RenderString (#1281) 69c82eb68 Remove Blackfriday reference from shortcode desc (#1380) 36de478df Update description of ignoreFiles config setting (#1377) 6337699d8 Remove "Authors" page from documentation (#1371) 35e73ca90 fix indent in example (#1372) d3f01f19a Remove opening body tag from header example (#1376) 341a5a7d8 Update index.md c9bfdbee6 Release 0.82.0 119644949 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.82.0 32efaed78 docs: Regenerate docs helper dea5449a2 docs: Regen CLI docs eeab18fce Merge commit '81689af79901f0cdaff765cda6322dd4a9a7ccb3' d508a1259 Attributes for code fences should be placed after the lang indicator only c80905cef deps: Update to esbuild v0.9.0 95350eb79 Add support for Google Analytics v4 02d36f9bc Allow markdown attribute lists to be used in title render hooks 7df220a64 Merge commit '9d31f650da964a52f05fc27b7fb99cf3e09778cf' d80bf61b7 Fixes #7698. git-subtree-dir: docs git-subtree-split: fb551cc750faa83a1493b0e0d0898cd98ab74465
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`paginatePath` is used to adapt the `URL` to the pages in the paginator (the default setting will produce URLs on the form `/page/1/`.
## List Paginator Pages
{{% warning %}}
`.Paginator` is provided to help you build a pager menu. This feature is currently only supported on homepage and list pages (i.e., taxonomies and section lists).
{{% /warning %}}
There are two ways to configure and use a `.Paginator`:
1. The simplest way is just to call `.Paginator.Pages` from a template. It will contain the pages for *that page*.
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2. Select another set of pages with the available template functions and ordering options, and pass the slice to `.Paginate`, e.g.
* `{{ range (.Paginate ( first 50 .Pages.ByTitle )).Pages }}` or
* `{{ range (.Paginate .RegularPagesRecursive).Pages }}`.
For a given **Page**, it's one of the options above. The `.Paginator` is static and cannot change once created.
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If you call `.Paginator` or `.Paginate` multiple times on the same page, you should ensure all the calls are identical. Once *either* `.Paginator` or `.Paginate` is called while generating a page, its result is cached, and any subsequent similar call will reuse the cached result. This means that any such calls which do not match the first one will not behave as written.
(Remember that function arguments are eagerly evaluated, so a call like `$paginator := cond x .Paginator (.Paginate .RegularPagesRecursive)` is an example of what you should *not* do. Use `if`/`else` instead to ensure exactly one evaluation.)
The global page size setting (`Paginate`) can be overridden by providing a positive integer as the last argument. The examples below will give five items per page:
* `{{ range (.Paginator 5).Pages }}`
* `{{ $paginator := .Paginate (where .Pages "Type" "posts") 5 }}`
It is also possible to use the `GroupBy` functions in combination with pagination:
```
{{ range (.Paginate (.Pages.GroupByDate "2006")).PageGroups }}
```
## Build the navigation
The `.Paginator` contains enough information to build a paginator interface.
The easiest way to add this to your pages is to include the built-in template (with `Bootstrap`-compatible styles):
```
{{ template "_internal/pagination.html" . }}
```
{{% note "When to Create `.Paginator`" %}}
If you use any filters or ordering functions to create your `.Paginator` *and* you want the navigation buttons to be shown before the page listing, you must create the `.Paginator` before it's used.
{{% /note %}}
The following example shows how to create `.Paginator` before its used:
```
{{ $paginator := .Paginate (where .Pages "Type" "posts") }}
{{ template "_internal/pagination.html" . }}
{{ range $paginator.Pages }}
{{ .Title }}
{{ end }}
```
Without the `where` filter, the above example is even simpler:
```
{{ template "_internal/pagination.html" . }}
{{ range .Paginator.Pages }}
{{ .Title }}
{{ end }}
```
If you want to build custom navigation, you can do so using the `.Paginator` object, which includes the following properties:
`PageNumber`
: The current page's number in the pager sequence
`URL`
: The relative URL to the current pager
`Pages`
: The pages in the current pager
`NumberOfElements`
: The number of elements on this page
`HasPrev`
: Whether there are page(s) before the current
`Prev`
: The pager for the previous page
`HasNext`
: Whether there are page(s) after the current
`Next`
: The pager for the next page
`First`
: The pager for the first page
`Last`
: The pager for the last page
`Pagers`
: A list of pagers that can be used to build a pagination menu
`PageSize`
: Size of each pager
`TotalPages`
: The number of pages in the paginator
`TotalNumberOfElements`
: The number of elements on all pages in this paginator
## Additional information
The pages are built on the following form (`BLANK` means no value):
```
[SECTION/TAXONOMY/BLANK]/index.html
[SECTION/TAXONOMY/BLANK]/page/1/index.html => redirect to [SECTION/TAXONOMY/BLANK]/index.html
[SECTION/TAXONOMY/BLANK]/page/2/index.html
....
```
[`first`]: /functions/first/
[`last`]: /functions/last/
[`after`]: /functions/after/
[configuration]: /getting-started/configuration/
[lists]: /templates/lists/
[where]: /functions/where/